Condenser Microphone vs. Dynamic Microphone: The Basics

It is important to select the right type of microphone for your audio needs. Using the wrong one is like using the wrong tool to try to get a job done. While you might get the job done, it will not be done as well as it could have been had you had the right tool.

It is essential to remember that there is not one microphone that will meet all of your needs. It can be necessary to switch between microphones, depending on the application to get the results you seek.

Two of the more common microphones you will encounter are condenser microphones and dynamic microphones. When comparing these two microphones, you need to consider more than whether you want a studio microphone or a live performance microphone. You also need to consider what you intend to use the microphone for, such as vocals, drums, or instruments.

What is a condenser microphone?

A condenser microphone is best used for at-home and studio recording applications. They are perfect for high-frequency sounds and vocals. They are highly accurate and capture sound in great detail.

Condenser mics are also used with home audio interfaces, such as receivers and amplifiers, to help calibrate surround sound systems and speakers used in the room.

A condenser microphone consists of three basic components to capture sound—a diaphragm, a backplate, and a diaphragm case. The diaphragm is lightweight and suspended in place by the backplate.

When sound waves pass through the condenser microphone, it causes pressure on the diaphragm, causing it to vibrate and move. Due to the sensitivity of the diaphragm, it can pick up even the most sensitive sounds.

Condenser microphones do require a power source. Most people plug them into their preamp, as there is a connection on the back for condenser microphones called phantom power. Some condenser microphone models can also operate off batteries.

What is a dynamic microphone?

A dynamic microphone is a great solution when you want to capture louder sounds or intend to use the microphone in a live environment. Dynamic microphones are not as sensitive as condenser mics. As such, they are preferred for live performances.

A dynamic microphone also consists of three basic components—a diaphragm, a voice coil, and magnets. As sound waves pass through the dynamic mic, it causes pressure on the diaphragm, making it vibrate.

The sound vibrations cause the coil to move back and forth between two magnets. The moving coil produces electrical signals to help power the microphone.

The coil does not always vibrate enough at lower sound frequencies and extremely high sound frequencies. It also has difficulties picking up extremely quiet sounds.

Where are condenser microphones used?

Condenser microphones are excellent for capturing vocals, acoustic guitars, and drum overheads. Additionally, condenser mics are ideally suited for picking up quieter sounds and very low and very high sound frequencies. However, they are not the best solution for louder instruments, such as bass amplifiers, guitar amplifiers, and closeup drum beats.

Where are dynamic microphones used?

Dynamic microphones are used for live performances, loud sounds, drums, and amps. Their construction makes them more rugged compared to condenser mics. As a result, if someone does a mic drop with a dynamic mic, it is less likely to get damaged.

Dynamic mics are also moisture-resistant and can withstand other types of abuse much better than condenser microphones. Not to mention, they require very little maintenance and can last a long time. However, if you want to pick up more sensitive sounds or sounds at lower and higher frequencies, then they are not the best solution.

What industries prefer condenser microphones?

Sound studios, recording studios, and at-home users prefer condenser microphones because of their more precise frequency response. Sound stages, like those used for movie and TV shows, also tend to use condenser mics because they pick up sounds with a higher sensitivity.

What industries prefer dynamic microphones?

Concert halls, rock clubs, karaoke clubs, and other live venues will favor dynamic microphones. They are also better suited when recording louder souls like live instruments, drums, and amplifiers.

Dynamic vs. Condenser Mic: Choosing the Right One

For example, if you want to record your vocals at home or in a recording studio, then you will want to choose a condenser microphone. On the other hand, if you will be singing live in front of an audience, then you would want a dynamic mic.

If you want to record playing your acoustic guitar, you want a condenser mic. Yet, if you wanted to record a bass guitar or were using a guitar amp, then you would want a dynamic microphone.

For concert performances, a dynamic mic is a better option, although, if you want to record the performance, then you would want to use condenser mics to make the recording.

As you can see, dynamic and condenser mics are designed for different purposes and applications. So, choosing the right one ultimately comes down to how you intend to use the microphone, where you will use it, and the type of applications you will use it with.

Now that you know the basics about condenser vs. dynamic microphones, you are sure to choose the right one for your needs.

To find audio and video receiver and amplifier condenser microphones, please feel free to explore our selections online or contact Replacement Remotes at 855-573-6683 today!

What Is a Condenser Microphone?

When it comes to recording audio, there are two types of microphones you can choose from—dynamic microphones and condenser microphones. Of course, both have their pros and cons.

However, in most instances, if it’s the professional, clean sound you’re looking for, a condenser microphone should be your first choice. That’s because condenser mics are excellent at picking up detailed sound in environments where audio can be tightly controlled (a studio, for example). On the other hand, dynamic microphones are often used in live settings where volume levels might be higher.

What Is a Condenser Microphone?

So, what is a condenser microphone? Condenser microphones are so-called because of the “capacitor” inside. This is the main operational component of condenser mics, and its primary purpose is to convert acoustic energy into an electrical signal. Just so you know, they’re called condensers because condenser is an old word for capacitor.

How Does a Condenser Microphone Work?

A condenser microphone is simply a specialized capacitor. So we’re on the same page, capacitors are an electrical component designed to store energy in an electric field temporarily.  They work by using two plates placed close together. The closer the plates are to each other, the higher the ability of the plates to store an electrical charge (capacitance). The capacitor is housed in a casing called a microphone capsule, and it can be seen when you remove the microphone grille.

In condenser microphones, one of the plates is made of an extremely light and thin material (usually gold-sputtered Mylar) that acts as the diaphragm. The other is made of solid brass and is called the backplate.

When struck by sound waves, the diaphragm vibrates, changing the distance between the two plates according to the rhythm of the signal. When this happens, the capacitance changes. This fluctuation in capacitance creates an electrical representation of the acoustic energy from the input source. Condenser mics use phantom power from external power supplies (usually 48V sent from the preamp). Because of this, you won’t need as much gain at the preamp to get the signal to a usable level.

The easiest way to understand condenser microphones is to picture them as magnifying glasses for sound. They pick up the minutest sound signals and reproduce a crisp, clean, clear sound output.

Common Types of Condenser Microphones

When you dive deeper into condenser microphones, you’ll discover that there are two main types—large diaphragm and small diaphragm condensers.

Large-Diaphragm Condensers

Large-diaphragm condensers are the ones you usually see in a studio setup. They’re so-called because they employ a diaphragm—over an inch in length. Because of their size, they’re usually mounted in a stationary position and are usually used from a side-facing position.

Condenser mics with large diaphragms are often used to pick up the richness and fullness of low-end sounds. Other advantages of large diaphragm mics include:

  • Lower self-noise. Air particles hitting a small diaphragm create higher pressure than when hitting a larger surface. As a result, small diaphragms produce more self-noise, while large diaphragms produce relatively little or no self-noise.
  • Low-frequency response. Because of its better sensitivity, a large-diaphragm microphone is better at capturing low-frequency audio signals.

Large-diaphragm condenser mics are best suited for (among other use cases) recording vocals, voice, and solo instruments. This is because they tend to make output sounds appear rich and vibrant.

Small Diaphragm Condenser

Small diaphragm condensers are sometimes referred to as pencil mics. This is because of the small thin design. The diaphragms on this type of condenser mic are usually less than an inch in length, and the diaphragm is configured in a front-facing position. Because of this, the audio source must be directed toward the top part of the mic.

Small diaphragm mics are excellent for picking up transients. They’re also great at picking up high-end sounds. Some significant advantages of small-diaphragm mics include:

  • Exceptional transient response. This means the small diaphragm can follow the sound waves more accurately.
  • Extended high-frequency response. Small diaphragm mics can pick up high sound, even beyond human hearing.
  • Consistent pickup pattern. Small diaphragm mics can accurately pick up sounds in the direction they’re pointed at.

If you’re looking for a more “natural” sound, a small diaphragm condenser mic would be your best bet. Examples of best use cases include recording acoustic instruments.

Need a Condenser Microphone?

If you’re on the hunt for a condenser microphone, make sure to browse our inventory of condenser mics and pick the one best suited to your needs. Alternatively, give us a call at 855-573-6683, and we’d be more than happy to advise on which condenser microphone is best for you.